楊翠青

Tsuey-Ching Yang

聯絡方式

Institute of Biotechnology in Medicine, National Yang Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou District, Taipei City 112, Taiwan (R.O.C.)

Phone: 02-2826-7289 (Office); 02-2826-7000 轉65864 (Lab)

E-mail: tcyang@nycu.edu.tw

學歷

1999 – 2003 National Chung-Hsing University, Taiwan, Ph.D.

1987 – 1989 National Taiwan University, Taiwan M. S.
1983 – 1987 National Taiwan University, Taiwan B. S.

專長

分子細菌學、血液學

經歷

2011-present Professor, Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University

2009-2011 Professor, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University

2004-2009 Associate Professor, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University

1989-1991, 1995-2004 Lecturer, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University

研究興趣

  1. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 抗藥性之盛行率及其機制
  2. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 壓力調適反應及其機制

發表論文

  1. Liao CH, Chen WC, Li LH, Lin YT, Pan SY, Yang TC*. (2020) AmpR of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is involved in stenobactin synthesis and enhanced b-lactam resistance in an iron-depleted condition. J Antimicrob Chemother. 30:dkaa358. Corresponding author
  2. Li LH, Wu CM, Lin YT, Pan SY, Yang TC*. (2020) Roles of FadRACB system in formaldehyde detoxification, oxidative stress alleviation and antibiotic susceptibility in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. J Antimicrob Chemother. 14: dkaa173. Corresponding author
  3. Li LH, Shih YL, Huang JY, Wu CJ, Huang YW, Huang HH, Tsai YC, Yang TC*. (2020) Protection from hydrogen peroxide stress relies mainly on AhpCF and KatA2 in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. J Biomed Sci. 27: 37. Corresponding author
  4. Lu HF, Wu BK, Huang YW, Lee MZ, Li MF, Ho HJ, Yang HC, Yang TC*. (2020) PhoPQ two-component regulatory system plays a global regulatory role in antibiotic susceptibility, physiology, stress adaption, and virulence in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. BMC Microbiol. 20:312. Corresponding author
  5. Lin YT, Cheng YH, Chuang C, Chou SH, Liu WH, Huang CH, Yang TC, Kreiswirth BN, Chen L. (2020) Molecular and Clinical Characterization of Multidrug-resistant and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from liver abscess in Taiwan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 64(5): e00174-20.
  6. Cheng YH, Huang TW, Juan CH, Chou SH, Tseng YY, Chen TW, Yang TC, Lin YT. (2020) Tigecycline-non-susceptible hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in Taiwan. J Antimicrob Chemother. 75: 309-317.
  7. Li LH, Zhang MS, Wu CJ, Lin YT, Yang TC*. (2019) Overexpression of SmeGH contributes to the acquired multidrug resistance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. J Antimicrob Chemother. 74: 2225-2229. Corresponding author
  8. Wu CJ, Lu HF, Lin YT, Zhang MS, Li LH, Yang TC*. (2019) Substantial contribution of SmeDEF, SmeVWX, SmQnr, and heat shock response to fluoroquinole resistance in clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Front Microbiol. 10:822. Corresponding author
  9. Jair HW, Lu HF, Huang YW, Pan SY, Lin IL, Huang HH, Yang TC*. (2019) Roles of the two- MnSOD system of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in the alleviation of superoxide stress. Int J Mol Sci. 20(7): E1770. Corresponding author
  10. Huang YW, Huang HH, Huang KH, Chen WC, Lin YT, Hsu CC, Yang TC*. (2019) AmpI functions as an iron exporter to alleviate b-lactam-mediated reactive oxygen species stress in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 63: e02467-18. Corresponding author
  11. Lin YH, Yang TC*, Hu WS. (2019) Characterization of stm3030 and stm3031 genes of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in relation to cephalosporin resistance. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 52: 282-288. Corresponding author
  12. Huang HH, Lin YT, Chen PY, Li LH, Ning HC, Yang TC*. (2018) ClpA and HtpX proteases are involved in intrinsic aminoglycoside resistance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and are potential aminoglycoside adjuvant targets. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 63(4): e02467-18. Corresponding author
  13. Wu CJ, Chiu TT, Lin YT, Huang YW, Li LH, Yang TC*. (2018) Role of smeU1VWU2X operon in alleviation of oxidative stresses and occurrence of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim resistant mutants in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 62(2): e02114-17. Corresponding author
  14. Lin YT*, Cheng YH, Juan CH, Wu PF, Huang YW, Chou SH, Yang TC, Wang FD. (2018) High mortality among patients infected with hypervirulent antimicrobial-resistant capsular type K1 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in Taiwan. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 52(2): 251-257.
  15. Huang YH, Chou SH, Liang SW, Ni CE, Lin YT*, Huang YW, Yang TC. (2018) Emergence of an XDR and carbapenemase-producing hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strain in Taiwan. J Antimicrob Chemother. 73(8):2039-2046.
  16. Huang HH, Chen PY, Hu RM, Lin YT, Li LH, Yang TC*. (2018) The impacts of L1 promoter variation and L2 clavulanate susceptibility on ticarcillin-clavulanate susceptibility of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 62: e01222-18. Corresponding author
  17. Wu PF, Lin YT*, Wang FD, Yang TC, Fung CP. (2018) Is fluoroquinolone monotherapy a useful alternative treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia? Infection. 46: 365-373.
  18. Huang YW, Wang Y, Lin Y, Lin C, Lin YT, Hsu CC, Yang TC*. (2017) Impacts of penicillin binding protein 2 inactivation on β-Lactamase expression and muropeptide profile in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. mSystems. 2: e00077-17. Corresponding author
  19. Huang HH, Chen WC, Lin CW, Lin YT, Ning HC, Chang YC, Yang TC*. (2017) Relationship of the CreBC two-component regulatory system and inner membrane protein CreD with swimming motility in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. PLoS One. 12: e0174704. Corresponding author
  20. Huang YW, Lin CW, Ning HC, Lin YT, Chang YC, Yang TC*. (2017) Overexpression of smeDEF efflux pump decreases aminoglycoside resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 61: e02685-16. Corresponding author
  21. Wu CJ, Huang YW, Lin YT, Yang TC*. (2016) Inactivation of lytic transglycosylases increases susceptibility to aminoglycosides and macrolides by altering the outer membrane permeability of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 60: 3236-3239. Corresponding author
  22. Wu CJ, Huang YW, Lin YT, Ning HC, Yang TC*. (2016) Inactivation of SmeSyRy two component regulatory System inversely regulates the expression of SmeYZ and SmeDEF efflux pumps in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. PLoS One 11: e0160943. Corresponding author
  23. Lin SW, C Yang CY, Jou YJ, Yang TC, Huang SH, Wan L, Lin YJ, Lin CW. (2016) SARS coronavirus papain-like protease induces Egr-1-dependent up-regulation of TGF-β1 via ROS/p38 MAPK/STAT3 pathway. Sci Reports 13; 6:25754.
  24. Juan CH, Huang YW, Lin YT, Yang TC, Wang FD. (2016) Risk factors, outcomes, and mechanisms of tigecycline-nonsusceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 60: 7357-7363.
  25. Lin YT, Huang YW, Huang HH, Yang TC, Wang FD, Fung CF. (2016) In vivo evolution of tigecycline-non-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in patients: relationship between virulence and resistance. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 48: 485-491.
  26. Huang YW, Wu CJ, Hu RM, Lin YT, Yang TC*. (2015) Interplay among membrane-bound lytic transglycosylase D1, the CreBC two-component regulatory system, the AmpNG-AmpDI-NagZAmpR regulatory circuit, and L1/L2 beta-lactamase expression in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 59: 6866-6872. Corresponding author
  27. Lin YT, Huang YW, Chen SJ, Chang CW, Yang TC*. (2015) The SmeYZ efflux pump of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia contributes to drug resistance, virulence-related characteristics, and virulence in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 59: 4067-4073. Corresponding author
  28. Huang HH, Lin YT, Chen WC, Huang YW, Chen SJ, Yang TC*. (2015) Expression and functions of CreD, an inner membrane protein in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. PLoS One 10: e0145009. Corresponding author
  1. Huang YW, Hu RM, Lin YT, Huang HH, Yang TC*. (2015) The contribution of class 1 integron to antimicrobial resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Microbial Drug Resis. 21: 90-96. Corresponding author
  2. Yi-Wei Huang, Rung-Shiuan Liou, Yi-Tsung Lin, Hsin-Hui Huang, Tsuey-Ching Yang*. 2014. A linkage between SmeIJK efflux pump, cell envelope integrity, and sigma s-mediated envelope stress response in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. PLoS One 9:e111784. Corresponding author
  3. Yi-Tsung Lin, Yi-Wei Huang, Rung-ShiuanLiou, Yi-Chih Chang, Tsuey-Ching Yang*. 2014. MacABCsm, an ABC-type tripartite efflux pump of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia involved in drug resistance, oxidative and envelope stress tolerances and biofilm formation. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 69:3221-3226. Corresponding author
  4. Cheng-Wen Lin, Yi-Wei Huang, Rouh-Mei Hu, Tsuey-Ching Yang*. 2014. SmeOP-TolCsm efflux pump contributes to multidrug resistance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 58:2405-2408.  Corresponding author
  5. Shih-Wen Li, Tsuey-Ching Yang, Chien-Chen Lai, Su-Hua Huang, Jun-Ming Liao, Lei Wan, Ying-Ju Lin, Cheng-Wei Lin. 2014. Antiviral activity of aloe-emodin against influenza A virus via galectin-3 up-regulation. European Journal of Pharmacology 738:125-132.
  6. Tsuey-Ching Yang, Tzu-Fan Chen, Jeffrey J. P. Tsai, Rouh-Mei Hu. 2014. NagZ is required for beta-lactamase expression and full pathogenicity in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris str 17. Research in Microbiology 165:612-619. First author
  7. Yi-Wei Huang, Rouh-Mei Hu, Fang-Yeh Chu, Hui-Rung Lin, Tsuey-Ching Yang*. 2013. Characterization of a major facilitator superfamily (MFS) tripartite efflux pump EmrCABsm from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 68: 2498-2505. Corresponding author
  8. Yi-Wei Huang, Rouh-Mei Hu, Tsuey-Ching Yang*. 2013. Role of the pcm-tolCsm operon in the multidrug resistance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 68: 1987-1993. Corresponding author
  9. Tsuey-Ching Yang, Shih-Wein Li, Chien-Chen Lai, Kai-Zen Lu, Man-Tzu Chiu, Tsung-Ham Hsieh, Lei Wan, Cheng-Wen Lin*. 2013. Proteomic analysis for Type I interferon antagonism of Japanese encephalitis virus NS5 protein. Proteomics 13:3442-3456. First author
  10. Tsuey-Ching Yang, Tzu-Fan Chen, Jeffrey J. P. Tsai, Rouh-Mei Hu. 2013. AmpG is required for BlaXc beta-lactamase expression in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris str. 17. FEMS Microbiology Letters 340:101-108. First author
  11. Rouh-Mei Hu, Sih-Ting Liao, Chiang-Ching Huang, Yi-Wei Huang, Tsuey-Ching Yang*. 2012. An inducible fusaric acid tripartite efflux pump contributes to the fusaric acid resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. PLoS One 7:e51053. Corresponding author
  12. Yi-Wei Huang, Rouh-Mei Hu, Cheng-Wen Lin, Tung-Ching Chung, Tsuey-Ching Yang*. 2012. NagZ-dependent and NagZ-independent mechanisms for the b-lactamases expression in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56:1936-1941. Corresponding author
  13. Shih-Wen Li, Tsuey-Ching Yang, Lei Wan, Ying-Ju Lin, Fuu-Jen Tsai, Chien-Chen Lai, Cheng-Wen Lin*. 2012. Correlation between TGF-1 expression and proteomic profiling induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus papain-like protease. Proteomics 12:3193-3205.
  14. Tsuey-Ching Yang, David Hecht, Jeffrey J. P. Tsai, Rouh-Mei Hu*. 2012. Cefoxitin is both an inhibitor of class A beta-lactamase of Xanthomonas cempestris pv. campestris str. 17 and an inducer of its gene. Research in Microbiology 163:550-556. First author
  15. Chao-Hsien Chen, Chiang-Ching Huang, Tsao-Chuen Chung, Rouh-Mei Hu, Yi-Wei Huang, Tsuey-Ching Yang*. 2011. Contribution of resistance-nodulation-division efflux pump operon smeU1-V-W-U2-X to multidrug resistance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 55:5826-5833. Corresponding author
  16. Cheng-Wen Lin, Hsin-Chieh Lin, Yi-Wei Huang, Tung-Ching Chung, Tsuey-Ching Yang*. 2011. Inactivation of mrcA gene derepresses the basal-level expression of L1 and L2 beta-lactamases in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 66:2033-2037. Corresponding author
  17. Yi-Chin Chang, Mei-Jung Tsai, Yi-Wei Huang, Tung-Ching Chung, Tsuey-Ching Yang*. 2011. SmQnrR, a DeoR-type transcriptional regulator, negatively regulates the expression of Smqnr and SmtcrA in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 66:1024-1028. Corresponding author
  18. Tsuey-Ching Yang, Me-Jung Tsai, Jeffrey, J. P. Tsai, Rouh-Mei Hu*. 2011. Induction of a secretable beta-lactamase requires a long lag time in Xanthomonas campestris pv. Campestris str. 17. Research in Microbiology 162:999-1005. First author
  19. Yi-Wei Huang, Rouh-Mei Hu, Yu-Ting Chiang, Tsao-Chuen Chung, Tung-Ching Chung, Tsuey-Ching Yang*. 2011. Establishment of an arabinose-inducible system in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Folia Microbiologica 56:18-22. Corresponding author
  20. Yi-Wei Huang, Cheng-Wen Lin, Rouh-Mei Hu, Yu-Tzu Lin, Tung-Ching Chung, Tsuey-Ching Yang*. 2010. An AmpN-AmpG operon is essential for the expression of L1 and L2 beta-lactamases in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 54:2583-2589. Corresponding author
  21. Yi-Chih Chang, Yi-Wei Huang, Kai-Hung Chiang, Tsuey-Ching Yang*, Tung-Ching Chung*. 2010. Introduction of an AmpR-L2 intergenic segment attenuates the induced beta-lactamase activity of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease 29:887-890. Corresponding author
  22.  Tsuey-Ching Yang, Chien-Chen Lai, Su-LianShiu, Pei-Hsin Chuang, Bo-Cheng Tzou, Ying-Ya Lin, Fuu-Jen Tsai, Cheng-Wen Lin*. 2010. Japanese encephalitis virus down-regulates thioredoxin and induces ROS-mediated ASK1-ERK/p38MAPK activation in human promonocyte cells. Microbes and Infection 12:643-651. First author
  23. Ping-Ning Hsu*, Tsuey-Ching Yang*, Jung-Ta Kao, Ken-Sheng Cheng, Yi-Ju Lee, Yuan-Min Wang, Chin-Tung Hsieh, Cheng-Wen Lin, Yi-Ying Wu*. 2010. Increased PD-1 and decreased CD28 expression in chronic hepatitis B patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver International 30:1379-1386. Corresponding author
  24. Nai-Wan Hsiao, Jiun-Wei Chen, Tsuey-Ching Yang, Gregg M. Orloff, Yi-Ying Wu, Chih-Ho Lai, Yu-Ching Lan, Cheng-Wen Lin*. 2010. ISG15 over-expression inhibits the replication of Japanese encephalitis virus in human medulloblastoma cells. Antiviral Research 85:504-511.
  25. Tsuey-Ching Yang*, Yi-Wei Huang, Rouh-Mei Hu, Shao-Cheng Huang, and Yu-Tzu Lin. 2009. AmpDI is involved in expression of chromosomal L1 and L2 b-lactamases of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53:2902-2907. Corresponding author
  26. Tsuey-Ching Yang, Yu-Wei Leu, Hui-Chen Chang-Chien, Rouh-Medi Hu*. 2009. Flagellar biogenesis of Xanthomonas campestris requires alternative sigma factors RpoN2 and FliA, and temporally regulated by FlhA, FlhB and FlgM. Journal of Bacteriology 191:2266-2275. First author
  27. Cheng-Wen Lin, Yi-Wei Huang, Rouh-Mei Hu, Kai-Hung Chiang, Tsuey-ChingYang*. 2009.  The role of AmpR in the regulation of L1 and L2 beta-lactamases in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Research in Microbiology 160:152-158. Corresponding author
  28. Rouh-Mei Hu, Kai-Hung Chiang, Yi-Chih Chang, Tsuey-Ching Yang*.  2009. Characterization of the charge variants of L2 beta-lactamase in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Journal of Medical Microbiology 58:318-321. Corresponding author
  29. Tsuey-Ching Yang, Chun-Pin Chang, Yu-Ching Lan, Chao-Li Liu, Mu-Chin Shih, Fang-Yang Wu, Cheng-Wen Lin. 2009. Recombinant ORF66 and ORFK12 antigens for the detection of human herpesvirus 8 antibodies in HIV-positive and –negative patients. Biotechnology Letters 31:629-637. First author
  30. Tsuey-Ching Yang, Su-Lian Shiu, Pei-Hsin Chuang, Ying-Ju Lin, Lei Wan,Yu-Ching Lan, Cheng-Wen Lin*. 2009. Japanese encephalitis virus NS2B-NS3 protease induces caspase 3 activation and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in human medulloblastoma cells. Virus Research 143:77-85. First author
  31. Rouh-Mei Hu, Kuang-Jay Huang, Lii-Tzu Wu, Ying-Ju Hsiao, Tsuey-Ching Yang*. 2008. Induction of L1 and L2 beta-lactamases of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 52:1198-1200. Corresponding author
  32. Su-Hua Huang, Tsuey-Ching Yang, Ming-Hong Tsai, I-ShouTasi, Huang-ChihLu, Pei-Hsin Chuang, Lei-Wan, Ying-Ju Lin, Chih-Ho Lai, and Cheng-Wen Lin. 2008. Gold nanoparticle-based RT-PCR and real-time quantitative RT-PCR assays for detection of Japanese encephalitis virus. Nanotechnology. 19:pp405101.
  33. Cheng-Wen Lin, Rouh-Mei Hu, Shao-Cheng Huang, Ying-Ju Hsiao, Tsuey-Ching Yang*. 2008.  Induction potential of clavulanic acid toward L1 and L2 beta-lactamases of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Disease 27:1273-1275. Corresponding author
  34. Rouh-Mei Hu, Kai-Hung Chiang, Cheng-Wen Lin, Tsuey-Ching Yang*. 2008. Modified nitrocefin-EDTA method to differentially quantify the induced L1 and L2 beta-lactamase in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Letters in Applied Microbiology 47:457-461. Corresponding author
  35. Cheng-Wen Lin, Chien-Shun Chiou, Yi-Chih Chang, Tsuey-Ching Yang*. 2008. Comparison of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and three rep-PCR methods for evaluating the genetic relatedness of Stenotrophomonas maltophiliaisolates. Letters in Applied Microbiology 47:393-398. Corresponding author
  36. Cheng-Wen Lin*, Chieh-Wen Cheng, Tsuey-Ching Yang, Shih-Wein Li, Mei-Hsiu Cheng, Lei Wan, Ying-Ju Lin, Chih-Ho Lai, Wei-Yong Lin, Ming-Ching Kao. 2008. Interferon antagonist function of Japanese encephalitisvirus NS4A and its interaction with DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX42. Virus Research 137:49-55.
  37. Yi-Ming Hsiao, Mei-Huei Zheng, Rouh-Mei Hu, Tsuey-Ching Yang, Yi-Hsiung Tseng*. 2008. Regulation of pehA gene encoding the major polygalacturonase of Xanthomonas campestris by Clp and RpfF. Microbiology-SGM 154:705-713.
  38. Tsuey-Ching Yang, Rouh-Mei Hu, Shu-Fu Weng, and Yi-Hsiung Tseng*. 2007. Identification of a hypothetical protein of plant pathogenic Xanthomonas campestrisas a novel beta-galactosidase. Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology 13:172-180. First author
  39. Lii-Tzu Wu, Shu-Ying Chang, Ming-Ren Yen, Tsuey-Ching Yang, Yi-Hsiung Tseng*. 2007. Characterization of extended-host-range pseudo-T-even bacteriophage Kpp95 isolated on Klebsiella pneumoniae. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73:2532-2540.
  40. Rouh-Mei Hu, Tsuey-ChingYang, Shu-Hui Yang, Yi-Hsiung Tseng*. 2005. Deduction of upstream sequence of Xanthomonas campestris flagellar genes responding to transcription activation byFleQ. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 335:1035-1043.
  41. Yi-Min Hsiao, Hsiu-Ying Liao, Mong-Chuan Lee, Tsuey-Ching Yang, Yi-Hsiung Tseng*.2005. Clp upregulates transcription of engA gene encoding a virulence factor in Xanthomonas campestris by direct binding to the upstream tandem Clp sites. FEBS Letters 579:3525-3533.
  42. Tsuey-Ching Yang, Rouh-Mei Hu, Yi-Min Hsiao, Shu-Fen Weng, Yi-Hsiung Tseng*. 2003. Molecular genetic analyses of potential b-galactosidase genes in Xanthomonas campestris. Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology 6:145-154. First author
  43. Tsuey-Ching Yang, Gong-Ho Wu, Yi-Hsiung Tseng*. 2002. Isolation of a Xanthomonas campestris strain with elevated b-galactosidase activity for direct use of lactose in xanthan gum production. Letters in Applied Microbiology 35:375-379.